Moteri yikinyabiziga yangiritse byanze bikunze amazi amaze kwinjira. Iyo moteri yimodoka imaze gufata amazi, mugihe cyoroheje, icyuma ntigishobora gutwikwa kandi moteri irashobora guhagarara neza. Mugihe gikomeye, moteri irashobora guturika. Ntakibazo cyaba kimeze gute, abafite imodoka rwose ntibashaka guhura nabyo. Nigute dushobora guca urubanza niba moteri yafashe mumazi? Kandi twakemura dute ingaruka zayo?
Nigute ushobora kumenya niba moteri yafashe mumazi?
Ko abantu benshi bumva ingaruka zamazi yinjira muri moteri, twabwirwa n'iki ko moteri yafashe mumazi? Uburyo bworoshye cyane ni ukureba niba ibara ryamavuta ya moteri adasanzwe. Niba amavuta ya moteri ahindutse amata yera, bivuze ko hari amazi mumazi ya lisansi cyangwa moteri.
Icya kabiri, reba niba buri muyoboro wafashe amazi. Ibi bikubiyemo kugenzura niba hari ibimenyetso bigaragara byamazi muyungurura ikirere hamwe n’amazu yo hepfo y’iyungurura ikirere, no kugenzura niba hari ibimenyetso bigaragara by’amazi mu muyoboro winjira ndetse no gufata ibintu byinshi. Hanyuma, reba niba hari ibimenyetso byo kubitsa karubone kumashanyarazi hamwe nurukuta rwa moteri. Kuraho ibicanwa byacometse kuri buri silinderi hanyuma urebe niba bitose. Iyo moteri ikora mubisanzwe, piston ya buri silinderi igera kumurongo wapfuye hejuru kumwanya umwe, kandi umwanya wo hagati wapfuye (compression clearance) kurukuta rwa silinderi urasobanutse. Iyo moteri ifata amazi, kubera kutagira amazi, piston ntishobora kugera kumwanya wambere wapfuye hagati, piston ya piston iba ngufi, kandi umwanya wo hejuru wapfuye uzamanuka cyane.
Nkuko twese tubizi, iyo ikinyabiziga kinyuze mumazi, amazi yinjira muri silinderi anyuze mumashanyarazi. Bitewe n’amazi adashobora gukomera, inkoni ya piston izaba mugufi, bikaviramo kunama cyangwa kumena moteri ihuza inkoni. Mubihe bikabije, inkoni ihuza yamenetse irashobora kuguruka no gutobora silinderi. Impamvu ituma imodoka ihagarara mumazi nuko nyuma yo kugabura ibicuruzwa bifata amazi, uyitanga abura imikorere isanzwe yo gutwika. Akayunguruzo ko mu kirere ka moteri karashizwemo, bigatuma kwiyongera kwifata n’amazi yinjira mu cyumba cyaka, kandi icyuma ntigishobora gutwikwa. Niba moteri yongeye gutangira muri iki gihe, biroroshye cyane guturika silinderi.
Amazi aramutse yinjiye muri moteri, amazi nayo azinjira mumavuta ya moteri, bizatera amavuta ya moteri kwangirika no guhindura imikorere yambere. Muri ubu buryo, amavuta ya moteri ntashobora gukora imirimo yayo yo gusiga, gukonjesha, gufunga, no kurwanya ruswa, kandi amaherezo niyo moteri yangiritse.
Nigute dushobora gusana moteri imaze gufata amazi?
Iyo dutwaye imodoka, niba impanuka itera amazi kwinjira muri moteri, twakagombye kuyisana dute?
Niba moteri ivanze gusa numwuka wamazi hanyuma igafata amazi mumashanyarazi, ntakibazo kinini muriki gihe. Dukeneye ubuvuzi bworoshye. Sukura imyuka y'amazi muyungurura ikirere, valve ya trottle, na silinderi.
Niba moteri ifata amazi menshi, ariko ntabwo bigira ingaruka kubinyabiziga bisanzwe. Gusa itera urusaku rwinshi. Hashobora kuba amazi make mumavuta ya moteri na lisansi. Tugomba guhindura amavuta ya moteri no gusukura ibice bya moteri bijyanye.
Niba hari amazi menshi kandi moteri yamaze gufata mumazi aho kugira amazi menshi avanze. Ariko, imodoka ntabwo yatangiye kandi moteri ntiyangiritse. Tugomba kuvoma amazi burundu, kuyasukura imbere, kuyateranya no guhindura amavuta ya moteri. Ariko sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ntabwo ifite umutekano cyane.
Hanyuma, mubihe hari amazi menshi kandi imodoka ntishobora gutwarwa nyuma yo gutangira. Muri iki gihe, silinderi, ihuza inkoni, piston, nibindi bya moteri byarahinduwe. Birashobora kwemezwa ko moteri yavanyweho. Turashobora kuyisimbuza gusa moteri nshya cyangwa gusiba imodoka neza.
2.Ibikoresho bya Chassis ya Automotive: Urufatiro rwo gukora ibinyabiziga n'umutekano
Imikorere n'umutekano by'imodoka ahanini biterwa nubwiza nigishushanyo cyibigize chassis. Chassis ni nka skelet yimodoka, ishyigikira kandi igahuza sisitemu zose zingenzi zimodoka.
I. Ibisobanuro hamwe nibigize Chassis
Chassis yimodoka bivuga ikinyabiziga gishyigikira moteri, ubwikorezi, cab, n'imizigo, kandi gifite inteko zose zikenewe kugirango imodoka ikore. Mubisanzwe, chassis ikubiyemo ibice bikurikira:
1. Sisitemu yo guhagarika: Irashinzwe gukuramo ihungabana ryatewe hejuru yumuhanda utaringaniye no kwemeza imikoranire myiza hagati yiziga nubutaka kugirango bikore neza.
2. Sisitemu ya Drivetrain: Sisitemu ikubiyemo shitingi ya drake, itandukanye, nibindi, kandi ishinzwe kohereza imbaraga zumuriro w'amashanyarazi.
3. Sisitemu yo gufata feri: Igizwe na disiki ya feri, ingoma ya feri, feri ya feri, nibindi, nikintu cyingenzi mugutinda kwimodoka no guhagarara.
4. Amapine n'inziga: Menyesha mu buryo butaziguye kandi utange imbaraga zikurura n'imbaraga.
5. Sisitemu yo kuyobora: Sisitemu yemerera umushoferi kugenzura icyerekezo cyimodoka, harimo ibice nka steer rack na knuckle.
II. Agaciro Inyungu za Chassis
1. Kunoza umutekano wo gutwara no gucunga umutekano
2. Ubwiza bwibigize chassis bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye bwo gutwara imodoka. Sisitemu yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ihagarika irashobora kugabanya neza ingaruka ziterwa nimihanda kumubiri wikinyabiziga kandi igahuza amapine nubutaka mumihanda itandukanye, bityo bigatanga uburyo bunoze. Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu yo gufata feri yizewe kandi yizewe irashobora guhagarika ikinyabiziga vuba mugihe cyihutirwa, bikazamura cyane umutekano wo gutwara.
3. Kongera ihumure n'uburambe bwo gutwara
4. Igishushanyo cya chassis nacyo kigena ihumure ryo gutwara no gutwara. Guhuza chassis nziza birashobora kuringaniza kugendana neza no gukora neza. Byongeye kandi, amapine yujuje ubuziranenge hamwe n’ibiziga ntibishobora kugabanya urusaku rwo gutwara gusa ahubwo binongera ubwiza rusange bwimodoka.
5. Gushimangira imikorere yingufu nubukungu bwa peteroli
6. Sisitemu ikora neza irashobora kugabanya gutakaza ingufu no guhuza neza amashanyarazi. Ibi ntibitezimbere gusa imikorere yihuta yimodoka ahubwo binafasha kugabanya gukoresha lisansi no kugera kubinyabiziga byubukungu nibidukikije.
7. Menya neza igihe kirekire no kubungabunga ibiciro
8. Ibikoresho bya chassis biramba bigabanya inshuro zo gusana no kubisimbuza, bikagabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga igihe kirekire kubafite imodoka. Imbaraga-nyinshi hamwe nibikoresho byiza-nibikoresho byingenzi nibyingenzi kugirango tunoze muri rusange ikinyabiziga.
III. Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga Ibigize Chassis
Kugenzura buri gihe sisitemu yo guhagarika
1. Sisitemu yo guhagarika nikintu cyingenzi cyo kugabanya kunyeganyega no guhungabana mugihe utwaye. Mugihe cyo kubungabunga, genzura niba amavuta yamenetse mumashanyarazi, niba amasoko yaravunitse cyangwa yarahinduwe, kandi niba imipira yumupira hamwe namaboko yo guhagarika aho ihagarara irekuye cyangwa yangiritse.
Kugenzura no gusimbuza amapine
1. Muri buri kubungabunga, reba ubujyakuzimu bw'ipine kugirango urebe ko buri hejuru yuburebure bwemewe n'amategeko. Kwambara kutaringaniye birashobora kwerekana ibibazo bijyanye na sisitemu yo guhagarika cyangwa umuvuduko wipine kandi bigomba guhinduka mugihe. Mugihe kimwe, shyira amapine ukurikije indangagaciro zasabwe nuwabikoze kandi uzenguruke imyanya yipine buri gihe kugirango urebe ko yambara.
2. Reba sisitemu yo gufata feri
3. Muri buri kubungabunga, genzura imyenda ya disiki ya feri na feri kugirango urebe ko biri murwego rwo gukoresha neza. Byongeye kandi, genzura urwego rwamazi nuburyo imiterere ya feri ya feri kugirango umenye ko hatabaho kumeneka no gusimbuza feri ukurikije icyerekezo cyakozwe nuwabikoze kugirango ukomeze imikorere myiza ya feri.
4. Reba sisitemu yo kuyobora
5. Ikibazo cyose kijyanye na sisitemu yo kuyobora bizatera ingorane zo kugenzura ibinyabiziga no kongera ibyago byimpanuka. Mugihe cyo kubungabunga, genzura niba ibifunga, inkoni za karuvati, ibisakuzo, ibyuma nibindi bikoresho bya sisitemu irekuye cyangwa byangiritse. Muri icyo gihe, reba niba sisitemu yo kuyobora amashanyarazi (nka pompe hydraulic pompe, umukandara, nibindi) ikora mubisanzwe kugirango umenye neza ko sisitemu ikora neza kandi neza.
Reba kandi usige amavuta ibice byingenzi bya chassis
1.Ibigize nka rubber bushing, guhuza imipira, hamwe ninkoni zihuza kuri chassis bizagenda bishira mugihe cyo gutwara. Gusiga amavuta birashobora kugabanya guterana amagambo no kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi. Gukoresha ibikoresho byumwuga bya chassis cyangwa ibikoresho birwanya ingese birashobora kurinda chassis kwangirika. Ibinyabiziga bigenda ahantu huzuye cyangwa saline-alkaline ibidukikije bigomba kwitondera cyane ibi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-20-2024